The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. 


These goals were based on the OECD DAC International Development Goals agreed upon by Development Ministers in the "Shaping the 21st Century Strategy". The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeeded the MDGs in 2016.


The Millennium Development Goals are a UN initiative.

All 191 United Nations member states, and at least 22 international organizations, committed to helping achieve the following Millennium Development Goals by 2015.


GOALS OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. To achieve universal primary education

3. To promote gender equality and empower women

4. To reduce child mortality

5. To improve maternal health

6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

7. To ensure environmental sustainability

8. To develop a global partnership for the development 


Each goal had specific targets, and dates for achieving those targets. The eight goals were measured by 21 targets. 

To accelerate progress, the G8 finance ministers agreed in June 2005 to provide enough funds to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF,) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) to cancel $40 to $55 billion in debt owed by members of the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) to allow them to redirect resources to programs for improving health and education and for alleviating poverty.


Interventions evaluated included:

(1) improvements required to meet the millennium development goals (MDG) for water supply (by halving by 2015 the proportion of those without access to safe drinking water), 

(2) meet the water MDG plus halving by 2015 the proportion of those without access to adequate sanitation, 

(3) increasing access to improved water and sanitation for everyone, 

(4) providing disinfection at point-of-use over and above increasing access to improved water supply and sanitation 

(5) providing regulated piped water supply in-house and sewage connection with partial sewerage for everyone (Hutton, G. Evaluation of the Cost and Benefits of Water and Sanitation Improvements at the Global Level, 2004 WHO-Geneva)


As of 2013, progress toward the goals was uneven. Some countries achieved many goals, while others were not on track to realize any. 


A UN conference in September 2010 reviewed progress to date and adopted a global plan to achieve the eight goals by their target date. New commitments targeted women's and children's health, and new initiatives in the worldwide battle against poverty, hunger, and disease.


Among the non-governmental organizations assisting were the United Nations Millennium Campaign, the Millennium Promise Alliance, Inc., the Global Poverty Project, the Micah Challenge, The Youth in Action EU Programme, the  "Cartoons in Action" video project,t and the 8 Visions of Hope global art project.


WHY GHANA HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO ACHIEVE 4th and 5th MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

  1. Inadequate medical services in the rural areas of the country
  2. Unwillingness to seek medical care due to religious or cultural beliefs
  3. Living in unhygienic conditions
  4. Inability to immunize children
  5. Unsafe abortion which leads to complications and death
  6. Difficulty in accessing medical services in some remote areas
  7. Premature births and their attendant problems
  8. Low level of literacy and inadequate information
  9. Low standard of living in most rural areas due to poverty
  10. Bad eating habits and lifestyles
  11. Pregnancy complications
  12. High cost of medical services
  13. Increase teenage pregnancies