Peace building refers to the conscious effort made to create an atmosphere of harmonious living in a society.

Conflict is defined as a misunderstanding or disagreement between people or groups of people with opposing needs, ideas, beliefs, values or goals. It can also be defined as disagreement in which the parties involved see a threat to their needs, interests or concerns over issues of importance

Conflict management refers to the use of various methods and plans to reduce tension during periods of conflict to make peace possible.

Conflict prevention is defined as the process of identifying signs of conflicts and encouraging people to work out their differences to avoid clashes.

Conflict resolution refers to measures put in place to settle or solve misunderstanding or disputes between opposing people or group of people.

 

TYPES OF CONFLICTS

·         Inter-personal conflict: Misunderstanding between two individuals.

·         Intra-personal conflict: Misunderstanding within an individual

·         Inter-group conflict: Misunderstanding between two or more different groups.

·         Intra-group conflict: Misunderstanding between members of the same group.

 

NATURE OF CONFLICT

·         Violent- Involves the use of arms and destructive weapons

·         Non-violent- Involves quarrel.

 

SOURCES OR CAUSES OF CONFLICT

·         Bad governance or management

·         Succession to traditional office

·         Display of injustice and unfairness

·         Land disputes

·         Display of greed or self-interest

·         Abuse of human rights

·         Competition for resources

·         Display of ethnocentric behaviours

·         Clash of belief and values

·         Uncompromising attitude

·         Inefficient and ineffective law enforcement system

·         Unstable economic conditions

·         Lack of honesty

·         Lack of proper communication

·         Religious intolerance

 

 

EFFECTS OF CONFLICT

·         It leads to breakdown of laws and order

·         Destruction of life and property

·         Displacement of people

·         It breeds social insecurity

·         Scares away foreign investors

·         Drains public funds

·         It leads to hunger and poverty

·         It retards economic development

·         It leads to environmental degradation and outbreak of diseases

·         It leads to hatred.

·         It leads to the abuse of human rights

·         Destruction of infrastructure

 

WAYS/ METHODS/ STRATEGIES OF RESOLVING CONFLICT (PROCESSES OF PEACE BUILDING)

·         Justice and fairness

·         Right conduct

·         Negotiation

·         Mediation

·         Arbitration

·         Adjudication

·         Peace enforcing

·         Reconciliation

·         Compromising

 

CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR PEACE BUILDING OR CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE PEACE IN THE COMMUNITY

·         Display of tolerance

·         Respect for one another

·         Forgiveness

·         Honesty

·         Right conduct

·         Justice and fairness

·         Respect for human rights

·         Consensus building (widespread agreement on issues )

·         Discouraging ethnocentrism

·         Constructive communication between and among people

·         Compromise

·         Establishment of conflict resolution institutions

·         Promotion of good governance

·         Efficient law enforcement system

·         Ensuring stable economic conditions

·         Equitable distribution of national resources among people